What is Autism?

Autism is a spectrum disorder that typically appears during the first three years of life. It is a developmental neurological disorder that can affect a child’s ability to communicate, socialize with peers and/or adults, and interact appropriately with his or her environment. Autism spectrum disorders range from mild (Asperger’s and/or Pervasive Developmental Disorder [PDD]) to severe.  This disorder is more prevalent in boys than girls. A developmental pediatrician or psychologist typically diagnoses autism.

What are the warning signs?

Individuals with autism usually exhibit at least half of the traits listed below. These symptoms can range from mild to severe and vary in intensity from symptom to symptom. In addition, the behavior usually occurs across many different situations and is consistently inappropriate for their age.

Difficulty in mixing with other children			Insistence on sameness; resists changes in routine
Inappropriate laughing and giggling			No real fear of dangers
Little or no eye contact			Sustained odd play
Apparent insensitivity to pain			Echolalia (repeating words or phrases in place of normal language)
Prefers to be alone; aloof manner			May not want cuddling or act cuddly
Spins objects			Not responsive to verbal cues; acts as deaf
Inappropriate attachment to objects			Difficulty in expressing needs; uses gestures or pointing instead of words
Noticeable physical overactivity or extreme underactivity			Tantrums - displays extreme distress for no apparent reason
Unresponsive to normal teaching methods			Uneven gross/fine motor skills. (May not want to kick ball but can stack blocks.)

When should a speech and language therapist be contacted?

A speech and language therapist should be contacted if your child has been diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder, or if your child exhibits several of the above mentioned warning signs. Children as young as 18 months can be effectively evaluated.

Please visit the following websites for more detailed information regarding autism spectrum disorders:

www.autism-society.org

www.autism-pdd.net

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